Topic: The Religion Thread
They say you shouldn't talk about politics or religion in polite company.
I say, I'm not polite company, and They can go fuck Themselves.
A few terms worth defining at the outset here:
Theist: One who believes in the existence of a god or gods.
Atheist: One who does not believe in the existence of a god or gods.
Notice, an atheist is not necessarily someone who believes that "there is no god." Rather, it is at its core definition merely a person who has not accepted any god-claim with which he or she has been presented.
Now, there is a subset of atheists who would say that they not only reject claims that there is a god, but think that there is in fact no god. The term for this is "strong atheist." (I don't really like the term, in the sense that I don't like the implication that others are "weak atheists," but I didn't make it up and it is what it is.)
The distinction may not make sense so let me give a quick analogy. Say you flip a coin and cover it with your hands. You ask, "do you think that this coin is heads?" And I say, "No."
This does not inherently mean that I think the coin is tails. What it means is simply that I do not have a good enough reason to accept the claim that the coin is heads. Rejecting a claim is not the same as accepting its opposite.
So with theism. If someone does not accept the claim "there is a god," it does not mean that they inherently accept the claim "there is no god." Though some atheists do.
You may have also noticed that I didn't list "agnostic." That's because agnostic is not a valid theological position. The question of theism is binary. Either you believe in a god, or you do not. If you "don't know" if you believe in a god, then by definition, you obviously don't. If you did, you'd know. You don't. You're an atheist.
Agnostic, rather, is a philosophical position on what it is possible to know. It's part of a separate binary pair that derives from the Greek work gnosis, meaning certain knowledge.
Someone who is of a gnostic philosophy believes that it is possible to know something with absolute, incontrovertible certainty. An agnostic, on the other hand, thinks that it is not possible to know anything with absolute certainty. You may be 99.999...99% sure of something, but there is always a 0.000...01% chance that you are incorrect.
It is my view that in the gnostic/agnostic dichotomy, gnosticism is not an intellectually tenable philosophy. We are finite creatures and our ability to know something is also necessarily finite. We cannot ever have absolute knowledge.
But, as I said, recognizing that our knowledge is necessarily limited is not the same as saying everything becomes 50-50 odds of being true. You can be pretty damn sure based on all available information, but intellectual honesty demands that you always remain open to new information that will require you to rethink your position.
I am myself both an atheist, and agnostic. I do not believe that any god (as traditionally defined) exists, based on the information that I have seen; however I recognize that I may be incorrect, as I do not have a full knowledge of the cosmos (and if I did, I would have to believe in a god, because it would be me).
That being said, I am also a "strong" atheist. I not only reject all god-claims with which I have been presented, but because of this, I believe I have, if not all possible knowledge, then at the very least the same amount of knowledge that any theist has, and I find the evidence wanting. The universe not only behaves unlike what we should expect to see if there is a god, it behaves exactly as one would expect if there was no god. Therefore, though I am open to compelling evidence to the contrary, I not only do not think there is a god, but I think that there is in fact no god.
However, I acknowledge that this steps beyond the boundaries of what can be satisfactorily demonstrated, and so in terms of debate I only go so far as to accept or reject theistic claims as presented.
This all got started because of a discussion of faith and religion in the Contact commentary thread. We can pick up that conversation here or start anew, but in the main, the question put out to anyone who wishes to answer it is this: what do you believe, and why do you believe it?